Development of a microencapsulated probiotic delivery system with whey, xanthan, and pectin.

Pediococcus pentosaceus is a lactic acid bacterium that has probiotic potential proven by studies. However, its viability can be affected by adverse conditions such as storage, heat stress, and even gastrointestinal passage. Thus, the aim of the present study was to microencapsulate and characterize microcapsules obtained by spray drying and produced only with whey powder (W) or whey powder combined with pectin (WP) or xanthan (WX) in the protection of P. pentosaceus P107. In the storage test at temperatures of - 20 °C and 4 °C, the most viable microcapsule was WP (whey powder and pectin), although WX (whey powder and xanthan) presented better stability at 25 °C. In addition, WX did not show stability to ensure probiotic potential (< 6 Log CFU mL-1) for 110 days and the microcapsule W (whey powder) maintained probiotic viability at the three temperatures (- 20 °C, 4 °C, and 25 °C) for 180 days. In the exposition to simulated gastrointestinal juice, the WX microcapsule showed the best results in all tested conditions, presenting high cellular viability. For the thermal resistance test, WP microcapsule was shown to be efficient in the protection of P. pentosaceus P107 cells. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results showed that there was no chemical interaction between microcapsules of whey powder combined with xanthan or pectin. The three microcapsules produced were able to protect the cell viability of the microorganism, as well as the drying parameters were adequate for the microcapsules produced in this study.

Survival of Microencapsulated Lactococcus lactis Subsp. lactis R7 Applied in Different Food Matrices.

Survival of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis R7, microencapsulated with whey and inulin, was analyzed when added to blueberry juice, milk, and cream. For 28 days, cell viability was evaluated for storage (4 °C), simulated gastrointestinal tract (GIT), and thermal resistance. All matrices demonstrated high cell concentration when submitted to GIT (11.74 and 12 log CFU mL-1), except for the blueberry juice. The thermal resistance analysis proved the need for microencapsulation, regardless of the food matrix. The results indicate that L. lactis R7 microcapsules have potential for application in different matrices and development of new probiotic products by thermal processing.

Associação entre satisfação corporal e aspectos sociodemográfico, comportamental e de saúde de universitários / Association between body satisfaction and sociodemographic, behavioral and health aspects of university students

Introdução: A imagem corporal é um conceito multidimensional e dinâmico, segundo o qual as percepções são formadas com base em experiências, conceitos e comportamentos. Poucos estudos sobre satisfação corporal são realizados com universitários, sendo esse público sujeito a transtornos alimentares, considerando as particularidades desse período da vida. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a satisfação corporal e verificar sua associação com variáveis sociodemográficas, comportamentais e de saúde de estudantes universitários. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com 115 residentes na Casa de Estudantes Universitários, que responderam a um questionário autoaplicável. Sociodemográficas (idade, sexo, nacionalidade, região de origem, nível e área de atuação e escolaridade materna), comportamento (tabagismo, risco de consumo abusivo de álcool e nível de atividade física) e variáveis de saúde (diabetes mellitus, hipertensão, dislipidemia, depressão e / ou síndrome de pânico e estado nutricional). A análise descritiva dos dados foi realizada considerando um nível de significância de 95% (valor de p <0,05). Resultados: Os alunos apresentaram prevalência de 53,9% de satisfação com o próprio peso. Menos de 10% dos estudantes relataram ter diabetes mellitus, hipertensão arterial e dislipidemia. Treze por cento relataram sofrer de depressão e / ou síndrome de pânico. Pouco mais de um quarto dos estudantes eram fumantes, e essa proporção também ocorreu entre os estudantes que apresentaram risco de consumo prejudicial de bebidas alcoólicas. A prática de atividade física foi significativa entre os estudantes, uma vez que 45,5% eram ativos e 34,8% eram muito ativos. Em relação ao peso, 61,6% eram eutróficos e 53,9% estavam satisfeitos com o peso que possuíam. A insatisfação corporal foi significativamente associada a nacionalidade estrangeira e estado nutricional. Conclusão: As instituições de ensino superior precisam incluir o tema da satisfação corporal no cuidado de estudantes universitários, por meio de trabalho em equipe multidisciplinar, com o objetivo de desmistificar padrões estereotipados. (AU)

Introduction: Body image is a multidimensional and dynamic concept by which perceptions are formed based on experiences, concepts and behaviors. Few studies on body satisfaction are performed with university students, a public subject to eating disorders, considering the particularities of this period of life. This study aimed to evaluate body satisfaction and verify its association with sociodemographic, behavioral and health variables of university students. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out with 115 residents of the University Student Houses, who answered a selfadministered questionnaire. Socio-demographic (age, gender, nationality, region of origin, level and course area and maternal education), behavior (smoking, risk of abusive consumption of alcohol and level of physical activity) and health variables (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, depression and/or panic syndrome and nutritional status) were analyzed. Descriptive data analysis was performed considering a significance level of 95% (p value < 0.05). Results: Students presented a 53.9% prevalence of satisfaction with their own weight. Less than 10% of students reported having diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia. Thirteen percent reported suffering from depression and/or panic syndrome. Slightly more than a quarter of the students were smokers, and this proportion also occurred among those who presented a risk of harmful consumption of alcoholic beverages. The practice of physical activity was significant among students, since 45.5% were active and 34.8% were very active. Regarding weight, 61.6% were eutrophic and 53.9% were satisfied with their weight . Body dissatisfaction was significantly associated with foreign nationality and nutritional status. Conclusion: Therefore, higher education institutions need to include the topic of body satisfaction in the care of university students through multidisciplinary teamwork aiming to demystify stereotyped patterns. (AU)